The immune system
Our organization has a powerful system defense that can protect against the attack of harmful elements present in the external environment. If the immune system is weakened even the most minor injuries could become dangerous to our safety. Let's see how it works and how it can sometimes fail in his task.
The immune response
protect the human organism from attack by pathogenic microorganisms in the external environment and prevent diseases that may develop. These are the main objectives to which the immune system should always be performed.
The immune response is the primary mechanism through which the body reacts against the attack of external pathogens. There are two basic elements that constitute it: the production of particular proteins, antibodies, and the intervention of specialized cells in able to neutralize and destroy the invaders. The immune response is also divided into two parts: the humoral, supported by immunoglobulins circulating in blood plasma, and the cell, represented by lymphocytes and other formed elements. Our organization has a powerful system defense that can protect against the attack of harmful elements present in the external environment. If the immune system is weakened even the most minor injuries could become dangerous to our safety. Let's see how it works and how it can sometimes fail in his task.
The immune response
protect the human organism from attack by pathogenic microorganisms in the external environment and prevent diseases that may develop. These are the main objectives to which the immune system should always be performed.
How do you form the immune response
Both lymphocytic elements for the production of antibodies called B lymphocytes that those cellular responses such T lymphocytes, are derived from progenitor stem cells , localized in the fetal blood-forming organs. The latter, during the perinatal period, migrate through the blood to reach the thymus and other central organs where they differentiate into B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes They bring in peripheral organs where they are in contact with the invaders. IB lymphocytes become plasma cells that can process and secrete immunoglobulins. Antibody production is controlled by genetic mechanisms that allow the body to recognize what is foreign or harmful than those that are normal constituents. antibodies
Both lymphocytic elements for the production of antibodies called B lymphocytes that those cellular responses such T lymphocytes, are derived from progenitor stem cells , localized in the fetal blood-forming organs. The latter, during the perinatal period, migrate through the blood to reach the thymus and other central organs where they differentiate into B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes They bring in peripheral organs where they are in contact with the invaders. IB lymphocytes become plasma cells that can process and secrete immunoglobulins. Antibody production is controlled by genetic mechanisms that allow the body to recognize what is foreign or harmful than those that are normal constituents. antibodies
The antibodies or immunoglobulin (Ig) are proteins formed by chains of amino acids. Based on the chemical characteristics distinguish five classes indicated by the letters A, D, E, G, M. The Ig G those gammaglobulin up 70% of antibodies circulating in the body. They are capable of reacting with specific antibodies that neutralize the damaging capacity of the aggressor. The IgA represent 20% of the antibodies and are found in many biological secretions such as saliva and tears. They carry a first barrier against pathogen attack. If the body never came into contact with a specific pathogen, the defense reaction is inadequate and invading organisms, s present in high amounts, have the ability to multiply in the body, giving rise to a specific disease. However, if the body's defenses are normal in a short time the body processes a response that can facilitate healing. A fully functioning immune system does not guarantee, however, the complete immunity in case of infectious diseases but allows us to overcome to overcome in most cases.
alterations of the immune system
In particular morbid conditions may appear to compromise the immune system. An immune deficiency is present in patients with AIDS with a marked alteration of cellular immunity. Even in tumors and in diseases dependent on the hematopoietic system and in patients undergoing drug therapy with transplantation and immunosuppressive substances with anti-rejection drugs. Patients suffering from these forms are helpless and can survive in sterile rooms and treated with appropriate drugs.
Autoimmune diseases
Numerous morbid conditions are characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, ie antibodies that react against normal constituents of the organism. The mechanisms through which they can formas are manifold. In some cases, these alterations of the lymphatic system or the constituents of the organism. In other cases they are instead of cross-reactions. The seeds possess antigens that can give rise to reactions similar to those of normal body constituents. There are many forms of disease autoimmune: among them the systemic lupus erythematosus , rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis nodosa , the hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia the and multiple sclerosis. There are also forms of disease caused by tissue deposition of antigen - antibody complexes as some pictures of systemic vasculitis.
In particular morbid conditions may appear to compromise the immune system. An immune deficiency is present in patients with AIDS with a marked alteration of cellular immunity. Even in tumors and in diseases dependent on the hematopoietic system and in patients undergoing drug therapy with transplantation and immunosuppressive substances with anti-rejection drugs. Patients suffering from these forms are helpless and can survive in sterile rooms and treated with appropriate drugs.
Autoimmune diseases
Numerous morbid conditions are characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, ie antibodies that react against normal constituents of the organism. The mechanisms through which they can formas are manifold. In some cases, these alterations of the lymphatic system or the constituents of the organism. In other cases they are instead of cross-reactions. The seeds possess antigens that can give rise to reactions similar to those of normal body constituents. There are many forms of disease autoimmune: among them the systemic lupus erythematosus , rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis nodosa , the hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia the and multiple sclerosis. There are also forms of disease caused by tissue deposition of antigen - antibody complexes as some pictures of systemic vasculitis.
immunotherapy and vaccination
The importance of vaccination is unknown. Immunotherapy has allowed us to control many infectious diseases in some cases coming to the complete eradication, as in the case of smallpox was declared deceased by the World Health Organization. Immunization therapy uses the body's ability to produce antibodies against a specific antigen. There is, then, that passive immunization is based on the administration of preformed antibodies in order to strengthen the defenses of the person blocking the invasion of pathogens and their toxins.
The importance of vaccination is unknown. Immunotherapy has allowed us to control many infectious diseases in some cases coming to the complete eradication, as in the case of smallpox was declared deceased by the World Health Organization. Immunization therapy uses the body's ability to produce antibodies against a specific antigen. There is, then, that passive immunization is based on the administration of preformed antibodies in order to strengthen the defenses of the person blocking the invasion of pathogens and their toxins.
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